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哈德逊一百五十周年半美元美国铸币局1935年铸造的50美分纪念币。硬币由切斯特·比奇设计,正面是亨利·哈德逊的旗舰“半月号”,哈德逊便是以这位探险家的姓氏命名;背面是哈德逊市徽,显示骑在鲸上的尼普顿。虽然哈德逊是个小城市,但授权发行硬币纪念其一百五十周年诞辰的法案在国会无人反对顺利通过,再于1935年5月2日经富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统签字成为法律正式生效。1935年6月,哈德逊市政当局拿到一万枚纪念币后以一美元单价公开发售。大部分硬币都被钱币经销商买走,收藏爱好者只买到少数,之后纪念币迅速升值。如今哈德逊半美元视成色而定,价值基本在700至1500美元范围。

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每日图片

历史上的今天

1月1日元旦公历)、海地独立日1804年)、中华民国开国纪念日1912年)、苏丹国庆日1956年)、文莱独立日(1984年

前45年
罗马共和国独裁官尤利乌斯·恺撒规定开始使用儒略历,取代旧有的罗马历
1901年
英国在澳大利亚的六个海外殖民地合并成立澳大利亚联邦埃德蒙·巴顿成为首任总理
2002年
德国、法国、意大利、荷兰等12个欧洲联盟成员国组成的欧元区正式启用欧元(图)

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历史上的今天

历史上的今天存档,按月份导航:

1月1日[编辑]

1月1日元旦公历)、海地独立日1804年)、中华民国开国纪念日1912年)、苏丹国庆日1956年)、文莱独立日(1984年

前45年
罗马共和国独裁官尤利乌斯·恺撒规定开始使用儒略历,取代旧有的罗马历
1901年
英国在澳大利亚的六个海外殖民地合并成立澳大利亚联邦埃德蒙·巴顿成为首任总理
2002年
德国、法国、意大利、荷兰等12个欧洲联盟成员国组成的欧元区正式启用欧元(图)

1月2日[编辑]

1月2日圣额我略·纳齐安庆节天主教会)、圣基茨和尼维斯狂欢节

533年
天主教会神父墨丘利当选成为教宗若望二世,是第一位使用名号即位的教宗
1959年
苏联拜科努尔航天发射场发射第一个星际探测器月球1号,并掠过月球上空。
2004年
美国空间探测器星尘号飞越维尔特二号彗星收集彗发尘埃,并携带样品返回地球

1月3日[编辑]

1月4日[编辑]

1月4日缅甸独立日1948年

1698年
英格兰国王伦敦的主要居所怀特霍尔宫发生火灾,大部分建筑因而遭到烧毁。
1884年
英国青年知识分子在伦敦成立费边社,主张透过渐进改良方式走向社会主义
1948年
缅甸正式脱离大英帝国殖民统治独立,苏瑞泰吴努成为首任总统总理
2010年
位于阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜境内的哈利法塔(图)完工启用,为世界最高的结构物

1月5日[编辑]

1月5日主显节前夕西方基督教

1477年
勃艮第公国公爵大胆查理(图)南锡战役中战死,领土被法国奥地利瓜分。
1895年
法国军队以叛国为由剥夺犹太裔军官阿尔弗雷德·德雷福斯军衔,并送往魔鬼岛监禁。
2005年
美国天文学家迈克尔·E·布朗团队分析帕洛马山天文台拍摄的照片,发现矮行星阋神星

1月6日[编辑]

1月7日[编辑]

1月7日圣诞节东方基督教)、意大利国旗日1797年)、柬埔寨胜利纪念日1979年

1610年
意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利莱(图)发现木卫一木卫二木卫三木卫四四颗卫星
1797年
意大利北部奇斯帕达纳共和国国会决定组成政府,并采用新的三色国旗
2015年
阿拉伯半岛基地组织枪手袭击法国巴黎查理周刊》总部,造成12人死亡。

1月8日[编辑]

1月8日日本成人之日金正恩诞辰朝鲜

1198年
天主教会枢机洛卡里诺·德孔蒂当选成为教宗英诺森三世,开始树立教宗的权威。
1790年
美国总统乔治·华盛顿在临时首都纽约国会联席会议上发表第一份国情咨文
1918年
美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊(图)提出十四点和平原则,阐述第一次世界大战后的世界秩序。

1月9日[编辑]

1月9日圣斯德望日东方基督教)、菲律宾黑拿撒勒人节

1127年
金朝军队攻陷宋朝首都汴梁掳走皇帝宋钦宗、太上皇宋徽宗等皇族,宣告北宋灭亡。
1878年
意大利国王维托里奥·埃马努埃莱二世逝世,其子翁贝托一世继位成为新任国王
1916年
奥斯曼帝国军队在加里波利之战中击败协约国军队,并占领伊斯坦布尔
2007年
美国苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯向公众发表首款智能手机iPhone(图)

1月10日[编辑]

1月10日圣佳德庆节天主教会)、中国人民警察节中华人民共和国

9年
在废除孺子婴皇太子之位后,西汉外戚王莽以代理皇帝身份登基并建立新朝
1776年
美国思想家托马斯·潘恩(图)出版小册子《常识》,主张十三殖民地大英帝国独立
1863年
英国伦敦派丁顿車站法灵顿站之间的大都会线通车,为世界上第一条地铁路线
1946年
联合国大会在英国伦敦卫理公会中央礼堂召开首次会议,共计56个会员国代表参与。

1月11日[编辑]

1月11日儿童节突尼斯

1055年
君士坦丁九世逝世后,狄奥多拉女皇成为东罗马帝国唯一的统治者。
1693年
意大利西西里岛东岸发生MW 7.4级地震及海啸,造成约6万人死亡。
1787年
英国天文学家威廉·赫歇尔(图)发现天卫三天卫四两颗天王星卫星
1879年
祖鲁王国国王开芝瓦约拒绝最后通牒后,大英帝国军队开始入侵祖鲁王国。
1922年
加拿大多伦多全科医院第一次将胰岛素应用在糖尿病患者的临床治疗上。

1月12日[编辑]

1月12日土库曼斯坦纪念日1881年)、坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔革命日1964年

1554年
勃印曩在首都勃固加冕成为东吁王朝国王,其后辖有缅甸历史上最辽阔的疆域。
1945年
苏联红军纳粹德国防线发动全面攻势,将战线由维斯瓦河推进至奥得河
2010年
海地首都太子港附近发生ML 7.0级地震(图),造成超过10万人死亡、300多万人受伤。

1月13日[编辑]

1月13日史蒂芬·福斯特纪念日美国)、蒙古宪法日1992年

532年
东罗马帝国首都君士坦丁堡爆发反对查士丁尼一世暴动,约3万人被处死。
1991年
苏联军队袭击(图)立陶宛首都维尔纽斯电视塔、广播电台等地,造成15人死亡。
2012年
意大利邮轮歌诗达协和号吉廖岛一带触礁搁浅并部分沉没,造成33人死亡。

1月14日[编辑]

1月15日[编辑]

1月15日印度尼日利亚军人节朝鲜朝鲜文日

1759年
位于英国伦敦布卢姆茨伯里大英博物馆正式开放,为世界规模最大的博物馆之一。
2001年
美国企业家吉米·威尔士拉里·桑格推出采用Wiki技术的维基百科(图)计划。

1月16日[编辑]

1月17日[编辑]

1月17日圣安东尼庆节天主教会

395年
罗马帝国皇帝狄奥多西一世米兰逝世,其后帝国疆域分成西部东部
1773年
英国探险家詹姆士·库克决心号第二次探险途中,创下横跨南极圈的纪录。
1991年
联合国授权下,以美国为首的多国部队对入侵科威特的伊拉克军队发动空袭(图)

1月18日[编辑]

1月18日泰国皇家军队节

1778年
英国探险家詹姆士·库克发现夏威夷群岛,并将其命名为“桑威奇群岛”。
1919年
协约国在法国凡尔赛宫召开巴黎和会,并和同盟国签订一系列和平条约。

1月19日[编辑]

1月19日主显节儒略历

1419年
英格兰国王亨利五世的军队在鲁昂战役中击败法国军队,占领诺曼底首府卢昂
1853年
意大利作曲家朱塞佩·威尔第(图)的歌剧《游吟诗人》在阿波罗歌剧院首次演出。
1983年
纳粹德国党卫队领袖克劳斯·巴比在玻利维亚遭到逮捕,并引渡至法国接受审判
2006年
美国太空探测器新视野号发射升空,为首艘研究冥王星其卫星的探测器。

1月20日[编辑]

1月21日[编辑]

1月22日[编辑]

1月22日乌克兰统一日1919年

565年
东罗马帝国皇帝查士丁尼一世逮捕君士坦丁堡普世牧首尤提齐乌斯,并将其流放。
1506年
教宗儒略二世建立直辖的宗座瑞士近卫队(图),负责保护教宗国的独立地位。
1689年
在英格兰国王詹姆士二世逃往法国后,英格兰国会召开非常议会讨论王位问题
1863年
波兰会议王国民族主义者发起反抗俄罗斯帝国一月起义,最终遭到军队镇压。
1905年
俄罗斯军队在圣彼得堡冬宫广场开枪镇压请愿工人,第一次俄国革命爆发。

1月23日[编辑]

1月23日世界自由日台湾韩国

1368年
明朝开国皇帝朱元璋(图)应天府登基即位,其后北伐推翻元朝汉区的统治。
1556年
中国陕西布政司发生历史上死亡人数最多强烈地震,造成约83万人死亡。
1960年
潜水艇的里雅斯特号抵达马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊,创下当时世界最深下潜纪录。

1月24日[编辑]

1月24日圣方济各·沙雷氏庆节天主教会

41年
在罗马皇帝卡利古拉遭到刺杀后,罗马禁卫军拥立其亲戚克劳狄一世继任皇帝。
1742年
德意志各诸侯一致选举维特尔斯巴赫家族查理七世担任神圣罗马皇帝
1848年
美国木匠詹姆斯·W·马歇尔加利福尼亚州锯木厂发现砂金,其后引发淘金潮
1984年
美国苹果公司推出个人电脑Macintosh 128K(图),为第一款麦金塔系列电脑。

1月25日[编辑]

1月25日圣额我略·纳齐安纪念日正教会)、塔基亚娜日俄罗斯乌克兰)、彭斯之夜苏格兰

1533年
英格兰国王亨利八世与情妇安妮·博林举行秘密婚礼,成为英格兰宗教改革的导火线。
1755年
俄罗斯帝国女皇伊丽莎白下令建立莫斯科国立大学,为俄罗斯规模最大的大学。
2011年
埃及各大城市组织要求总统胡斯尼·穆巴拉克下台的抗议活动,埃及革命(图)爆发。

1月26日[编辑]

1月26日国际海关日澳大利亚日1788年)、印度共和国日1950年

1788年
英国航海家亚瑟·菲利普率领第一舰队移民定居悉尼,正式在澳大利亚建立殖民地(图)
1841年
查理·义律伯麦率领英国军队在水坑口登陆香港岛,宣示正式占领香港
1934年
纳粹德国波兰第二共和国签署《德波互不侵犯条约》,承诺10年内放弃武装冲突。

1月27日[编辑]

1月27日圣萨瓦庆节塞尔维亚正教会

661年
正统哈里发阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜库费遭到哈瓦利吉派刺杀,并在数天后逝世。
1302年
随着黑归尔甫派控制佛罗伦萨,意大利诗人但丁·阿利吉耶里遭到城市放逐。
1973年
美国南越北越越共签署《巴黎和平协约(图),达成越南南部临时停火
2013年
巴西南部南里奥格兰德州圣玛丽亚的夜总会发生火灾事故,造成242人死亡。

1月28日[编辑]

1月28日国际数据隐私日亚美尼亚军人节

814年
在法兰克国王查理曼逝世后,其子虔诚者路易成为法兰克王国唯一的统治者。
1077年
教宗额我略七世卡诺莎城堡会见神圣罗马皇帝亨利四世,并解除对其的绝罚
1521年
神圣罗马皇帝查理五世召集沃尔姆斯议会,讨论马丁·路德宗教改革的影响。
1813年
英国小说家简·奥斯丁第二部小说《傲慢与偏见》首次出版,并受到大众欢迎。
1986年
美国挑战者号航天飞机在发射升空73秒后爆炸解体(图),造成7名宇航员死亡。

1月29日[编辑]

1月29日圣安德烈·鲁布廖夫庆节俄罗斯正教会

1635年
法国国王路易十三签署君主制诰,批准首席大臣黎希留成立法兰西学术院
1886年
德国工程师卡尔·本茨奔驰专利电机车1号(图)申请第一项内燃机汽车专利。
1891年
夏威夷王国国王卡拉卡瓦逝世后,其妹妹利留卡拉尼登基成为夏威夷女王
1996年
位于意大利威尼斯凤凰剧院发生火灾事故,导致剧院完全被焚毁。
2002年
美国总统乔治·W·布什国情咨文指责朝鲜、伊朗、伊拉克是“邪恶轴心”。

1月30日[编辑]

1月31日[编辑]

1月31日瑙鲁独立日1968年

314年
教宗西尔维斯特一世正式接任教宗,是天主教会进入公开传教时代的首位教宗。
1208年
瑞典亲王埃里克军队莱纳之战中击败瑞典国王斯渥克尔松二世军队
1747年
位于英国伦敦伦敦洛克诊所成立,是第一家治疗性传染病志愿性医院
1958年
美国第一颗人造卫星探险者1号(图)发射升空,其后探测到地球外的辐射带存在。
2020年
英国正式退出欧洲联盟欧洲原子能共同体,其后进入脱欧过渡期


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维基百科的优良条目

维基百科的优良条目

优良条目是我们认为质量令人满意,但未达特色标准的条目。优良条目满足优良条目标准,并成功通过优良条目评选。简而言之,它们编写得非常有条理,内容真实准确且信息可供查证、覆盖面广泛、观点中立、内容稳定,且在可能情况下,遵守著作权地配以切题图像。优良条目无须和特色条目一样全面,但它们不应缺失主题的主要事实:可参看一篇更详细比照优良条目与特色条目标准差异的文章。

目前,维基百科共有1,457,107篇条目,其中3,150篇为优良条目(约每463篇条目中有一篇)。此外,我们还有1,025篇特色条目(约每1,422篇条目中有一篇)和528篇特色列表(约每2,760篇中有一篇)。全部优良和特色内容合计有4,703篇(约每310篇中有一篇)。优良条目页面的右上角会标示圆形十字标记(这个记号标记维基百科优良条目)。如果优良条目已经升级为特色条目或特色列表,应该从下表中移除。

将条目列为优良条目的过程相当简单。如果您认为您发现或贡献的条目满足优良条目标准,您可以在优良条目评选页面提名条目,让公正的评审者评定,以决定条目能否成为优良条目。另外,如您某一优良条目已不满足优良条目标准,您可以通过评选页面提出重选。如果重选无法通过,条目会被除名。如果条目提名失败或被除名,评审者和除名者应当给与解释以及可能的改进建议。

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